ETS ADVANCED PLACEMENT OUTLINE
FOR WORLD HISTORY

 

               I.      Foundations

A.     Basic features of world geography

1.  Location of continents

2.  Location of oceans, seas, and major rivers

3.  Location of key political units prior to 1000 (Roman Empire at its height, `Abbasid caliphate, Sudanic kingdoms of Ghana and Nubia, Chinese empire [Han and Tang dynasties], Byzantine Empire, Mayan civilization)

B.      Definitions of basic economic systems

1.  Agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies and their demographic characteristics

2.  Basic characteristics of economic structures including technological patterns

C.      Crises of late antiquity (third to eighth centuries)

1.  Movements of peoples (Huns, Germans, Arabs)

2.  Collapse of empires (Han China, loss of European portion of the Roman Empire)

3.  Emergence of new empires and political systems (Tang China, Arab caliphates, Byzantine Empire, early European and Japanese feudal systems)

D.      Key cultural and social systems

1.  Basic features of major world belief systems prior to 1000 and where each belief system applied by 1000

a)       Buddhism

b)       Christianity

c)       Confucianism

d)       Daoism

e)       Hellenism

f)        Hinduism

g)       Islam

h)       Judaism

i)         Polytheism

E.       Major developments in the arts and sciences

F.       Basic characteristics of social structures as they developed by 1000

1.  The caste system

2.  The nature and location of major slave systems

3.  Confucian social hierarchy

4.  Patriarchal family structures and trends

G.      Principal international connections that had developed between 700 and 1000

1.  Missionary outreach (Buddhist, Christian, and Islamic)

2.  Leading international trading patterns (Middle Eastern, Chinese, East European, trans-Saharan)

3.  The role of nomadic groups in Central Asia

4.  The impact of Bantu migrations in Africa

H.      Diverse interpretations

1.  What are the issues involved in using "civilization" as an organizing principle in world history?

2.  What is the most common source of change: connection or diffusion versus independent invention?

 

             II.      1000­ - 1450

A.     Questions of periodization

1.  Nature and causes of changes in the world history framework leading up to 1000­1450 as a period

2.  Continuities and breaks within the period (e.g., the impact of the Mongols)

B.      Interregional networks

1.  Development and shifts in an interregional network of trade, technology, cultural exchange, and communication

C.      Nature of philosophy and knowledge

D.      China's internal and external expansion

1.  The importance of the Song economic revolution

2.  Chinese influence on Japan and its limits

E.       The Islamic world

1.  The role of Islam as a unifying cultural force in Eurasia and Africa;

2.  Islamic impact on the Sudanic kingdoms and East Africa; the Delhi Sultanate

3.  The impact of migrations and religious reform movements in expanding Islamic society

4.  The impact of Islam on the arts and sciences

F.       Changes in Christianity

1.  Restructuring of European society, including the growth of central monarchies in the west

2.  Role of Arab thought in the twelfth-century "Renaissance" in the west

3.  The division of Christendom into Eastern and Western Christian cultures

G.      Non-Islamic Africa

1.  Great Zimbabwe

H.      Demographic and environmental changes

1.  Impact of the nomadic migrations on Afro-Eurasia (Mongols, Turks, and Arabs)

2.  Migration of agricultural peoples (e.g., European peoples to east/central Europe)

3.  Consequences of plague pandemics in the fourteenth century

I.        Amerindian civilizations

1.  Toltec and Mayan

2.  Aztec

3.  Inca

J.        Diverse interpretations

1.  What are the issues involved in using cultural areas rather than states as units of analysis?

2.  What are the sources of change: nomadic migrations versus urban growth?

3.  Was there a world economic network in this period, and how does it compare with the world economic system that emerges in the next period?

 

           III.      1450 - ­1750

A.     Questions of periodization

1.  Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period

B.      Change in global interactions, trade, and technology

C.      Knowledge of major empires and other political units and social systems

1.  Aztec, Ottoman, Inca, Ming, Qing (Manchu), Portugal, Spain,

2.  Russia, France, England, Mongol, Tokugawa, Mughal, characteristics of African empires in general but knowing one (Kongo,

3.  Benin, Oyo, or Songhay) as illustrative

4.  Territorial and commercial aspects of the above

5.  Gender and empire (gender systems at the elite level, alliances, women and households in politics)

6.  Slave systems and slave trade

D.      Demographic and environmental changes: diseases, animals, new crops, and comparative population trends

E.       Cultural and intellectual developments

1.  Scientific Revolution

2.  The Enlightenment

3.  Comparative global causes and impacts of cultural change

4.  Neoconfucianism

5.  Major developments and exchanges in the arts (e.g., Mughal)

F.       Diverse interpretations

1.  What are the debates about the timing and extent of European predominance in the world economy?

 

           IV.      1750 - ­1914

A.     Questions of periodization

1.  Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period

B.      Changes in global commerce, communications, and technology

1.  Changes in patterns of world trade

2.  Industrial Revolution (transformative effects on and differential timing in different societies; mutual relation of industrial and scientific developments; commonalities)

C.      Demographic and environmental changes (migrations, end of the Atlantic slave trade, new birthrate patterns; food supply)

D.      Changes in social and gender structure (Industrial Revolution; commercial and demographic developments; emancipation of serfs/slaves; and tension between work patterns and ideas about gender)

E.       Political revolutions and independence movements; new political ideas

1.  Latin American independence movements

2.  Revolutions (United States, France, Haiti, Mexico, China)

3.  Rise of nationalism, nation-states, and movements of  political reform

4.  Overlaps between nations and empires

5.  Rise of democracy and its limitations: reform; women; racism

F.       Rise of Western dominance (economic, political, social, cultural and artistic, patterns of expansion; imperialism and colonialism) and different cultural and political reactions (reform; resistance; rebellion; racism; nationalism)

G.      Diverse interpretations

1.  What are the debates over the utility of modernization theory as a framework for interpreting events in this period and the next?

2.  What are the debates about the causes of serf and slave emancipation in this period, and how do these debates fit into broader comparisons of labor systems?

3.  What are the debates over the nature of women's roles in this period, and how do these debates apply to industrialized areas, and how do they apply in colonial societies?

 

             V.      1914 - ­Present

A.     Questions of periodization

1.  Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period

B.      The World Wars, the Cold War, nuclear weaponry, international organizations, and their impact on the global framework

1.  globalization of diplomacy and conflict

2.  global balance of power

3.  reduction of European influence

4.  the League of Nations

5.  the United Nations

6.  the Non-Aligned Nations

C.      New patterns of nationalism, especially outside of the West

1.  the interwar years

2.  decolonization

3.  racism

4.  the Holocaust

5.  genocide;

6.  new nationalisms, including the breakup of the Soviet Union

D.      Impact of major global economic developments

1.  the Great Depression

2.  technology

3.  Pacific Rim

4.  multinational corporations

E.       New forces of revolution and other sources of political innovations

F.       Social reform and social revolution

1.  changing gender roles

2.  family structures

3.  rise of feminis

4.   peasant protest

5.  international Marxism

G.      Internationalization of culture and reactions

1.  Developments in global and regional cultures

2.  Interactions between elite and popular culture and art

3.  Global cultural forces and patterns of resistance

a)       consumer culture

b)       religious responses

H.      Demographic and environmental changes

1.  migrations

2.  changes in birthrates and death rates

3.  new forms of urbanization; deforestation

4.  green/environmental movements

I.        Diverse interpretations

1.  Is cultural convergence or diversity the best model for understanding increased intercultural contact in the twentieth century?

2.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of using units of analysis in the twentieth century such as the nation, the world, the West, and the Third World?